Gary Ng Research review 2013 (Astrophysical neutrinos)

• Supernova_1987A.pdf: Supernova_1987A.pdf

• Why study v & what is special about them?
  • To 'map' the sky / universe with methods other than visible light range.
  • Tiny mass, very rarely interact, travels through medium.
• How & when did the concept of v come about?
• What were the initial theories? Are they still valid?
• Is there only 1 type of v?
  • Solar v, Atmospheric v, SN v
  • What are the similarities and/or differences between each type of v?
  • Do they travel at different velocities?
  • Do they have the same energies?
• Were they all detected initially?
  • What equipment was used?
  • What detection medium used?
  • No.
  • Because they changed types, due to v oscillation.
  • Neutrino Oscillaion
• Have all types of v been detected now? How?
• Are all types of v detected together every time? Why not?
• Why are we studying SN v?
  • Why SN1978A?
    • It was close enough to be observed
• What is speical about SN v?
• Are they the same as when they were just produced, inside the SN?
• How do we detect SN v?
  • With the experiments, do we just detect SN v?
  • How do we distinguish which v are from what source?
• What is special / different about each detection method?
• Are there any differences in detection methods x years ago?
• What are the results for the differnt methods?
• Does the results correspond to theory / prediction?
• Can we tell the direction of the SN v? If so, how?
• Can we tell the origin (location) of the SN v? If so, how?
• Can we tell the origin (time) of the SN v? If so, how?
• Can we tell the original type of the SN v? If so, how?
• ... (more questions) ...
• What will future SN v detection lead to?

Research Papers Topics:

• Supernovae SN1978A (see attachment)
  • Core-collapse massive star to Supernovae theory proved.
• Solar neutrinos
  • Solar neutrino problem
  • Source of neutrino measurements
• Other high energy neutrino sources

• Investigate different types of neutrino detectors ('today')
  • SuperK & Kamiokande II
  • IMB
  • Baksan
  • IceCube Project
• A timeline about neutrinos
  • From theory to proof, to now-a-days research, to possible future developments